• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR DRYING PLASTER PLATES. The present invention relates to a process and a device for drying plates (8), which are guided in stages by a device divided into drying chambers (43) and in which the plates are brought into contact with the air drying by impact jet ventilation in the main drying stage (20) and in the final drying stage (21) and the impact jet ventilation is guaranteed by means of transversely ventilated nozzle boxes (7), and air exhaust from the main drying stage, for heating the final drying stage, is introduced into the pressure chamber of one or more drying chambers, in the first half of that final drying stage, and another part of the exhaust air is introduced into the suction chamber of the drying chamber suction chamber, in each case, subsequent, and the exhaust air passes through this way, fully the final drying stage, and the exhaust air is discharged from one or more drying chambers in the second half of that stage, at a markedly lower temperature level.
    公开号:BR112012013677B1
    申请号:R112012013677-1
    申请日:2010-12-15
    公开日:2020-11-03
    发明作者:Christopher Straetmans；Karl Friedrich Lang
    申请人:Grenzebach Bsh Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a process and device for drying plate-like materials, particularly plasterboard.
    [0002] The drying of these materials in the form of a plate, in most cases, occurs through the passage of predominantly convective heat, in the form of application of heated air. In this case, the plates, often also distributed over several floors, are guided by the dryer with the help of conveyor devices, such as conveyors or perforated straps.
    [0003] According to the state of the art, drying units are operated, in most cases, in circulating air operation. In this case, the drying air is repeatedly conveyed to the plates and, after each contact, heated again. In this way, the air is increasingly enriched with moisture, only a small part of the drying air is transferred to the environment as exhaust air, to discharge moisture and exhaust gases into the environment.
    [0004] A differential feature of several types of dryer is formed by the type of air conduction over the drying material. The air can be guided to the plate, substantially, in the form of cross ventilation, longitudinal ventilation, or so-called impact jet ventilation.
    [0005] In transversal ventilation, the drying air is guided over the drying material from the side, transversely to the direction of transport of the material in the form of a plate. As the drying air cools down in its path over the drying material, this results in different drying speeds over its width. For this reason, this process is not used on sensitive materials, such as plasterboard.
    [0006] In longitudinal ventilation, the drying air travels a long way along the longitudinal axis of the dryer, in which case it passes over the plate, dries it and, with this, is cooled down strongly. Therefore, the drying air can be discharged at low temperatures, in a particularly energy-efficient manner, near the defrost point of the drying air. For heating fresh air, with the help of a heat exchanger, condensation heat can then be used selectively.
    [0007] In impact jet ventilation, the drying air is approached from the side of the drying unit in air pipes, the so-called nozzle boxes, and, through air outlet nozzles, blown vertically over the material surface drying. From there, that air flows to the opposite side of the drying unit.
    [0008] Dryers that operate according to a similar structure are now widespread worldwide. Its advantages include the fact that, due to the structure of many drying chambers, relatively short, which in each case can be individually ventilated and heated, the desired drying temperature and the climate over the length of the dryer can be freely selected. Therefore, drying conditions can be adapted to the needs of the drying material. In addition, the dryer can be adjusted excellently, for example, when changing products.
    [0009] Due to the good heat transfer in the request by impact jet, these dryers can be built significantly shorter than comparable dryers, ordered with longitudinal ventilation.
    [0010] By regulating the inclination of the nozzle boxes, in addition, very uniform drying over the width of the drying material can be achieved.
    [0011] The exhaust air is discharged and collected. As this also includes chambers with high drying temperatures due to the process, a high exhaust air temperature results in total. Even under the use of a heat exchanger, the condensation heat contained in the moisture in the exhaust air can hardly be used properly.
    [0012] Such a unit is described in document DE 19 46 696, under the title of a process and a device for accelerated drying of plasterboard. The document is dedicated to the description of the drying chamber, which is configured in such a way that the highest possible heat input is guaranteed and the most uniform drying possible over the width of the drying material. However, measures to reduce energy consumption are not mentioned.
    [0013] From document DE 26 13 512 A1 there is known a two-stage drying process and a drying unit, which is based on the task of modifying or completing the two-stage drying process, itself known, in such a way that particularly plasterboard or products with similar properties can be dried economically in accordance with this process.
    [0014] In the two-stage drying process, the second drying stage is heated by intercalating a drying air heat exchanger from the first drying stage. The plates must be dried in the first drying stage with high temperature and high humidity and, in the second drying stage, a relatively low temperature and low humidity. The first stage is ventilated longitudinally, the second stage is ventilated transversely. Impact jet ventilation is not used. In fact, very low consumption can be achieved with this type of construction. But, due to the indirect heating of the 2nd stage, the temperature level is very low. Correspondingly, very little drying capacity and high consumption of transport capacity result. Therefore, in practice, this dryer failed to impose itself.
    [0015] In addition, from document DE 43, 26 877 C1 a process for drying plates and a corresponding dryer are known.
    [0016] Starting from the process according to document DE 26 13 512, a process with the lowest possible primary and secondary energy consumption is presented. In particular, the primary energy used must be kept as little as possible by making use of the exhaust heat and also the condensing heat of the exhaust air, without increasing the need for secondary energy by circulating large mass air currents. In this case, the task is solved by the fact that in stage B the exhaust air from stage A is guided by a heat exchanger arranged on the dryer floors and the drying air, with low temperature and low humidity, is guided against the exhaust air of stage A.
    [0017] Stage B, responsible for cooling the exhaust air, does not present, however, here an impact jet ventilation and indirect heating, the drying efficiency of stage B is quite low.
    [0018] For this reason, the device according to the invention or the process according to the invention is based on the task of carefully drying plate-shaped materials, with the lowest possible energy expenditure. The objective is to be able to modify existing units in the sense of the invention, with the greatest possible cost efficiency.
    [0019] This task is solved with a process according to claim 1 or with a device according to claim 9.
    [0020] The device according to the invention is described in more detail below. In this case, they show in detail: figure 1 a section through a drying chamber according to the invention figure 2 an exemplary operation diagram of a conventional dryer according to the species figure 3 an operation diagram of the dryer according to the invention figure 4 a principle outline, in top view, for conducting air in the dryer according to the invention figure 5 exemplarily, an operation diagram of an advantageous modification of the dryer according to the invention figure 6 exemplarily, an operation diagram of another advantageous modification of the dryer according to the invention figure 7 detail representation of the wall covers
    [0021] Figure 1 shows a section through a drying chamber according to the invention. The arrows indicate the current direction of the drying air. Preheated fresh air is fed to burner 1 as combustion air 2 and mixed air 3. Gas and oil are used as fuels. At this point, instead of the burners, heating registers heated with steam or thermal oil can also be used. In this case, the air is heated indirectly.
    [0022] The re-dispatching of the heated air by the burner 1 to the pressure chamber 5 takes place through the circulating air blower 4. The pressure chamber 5 serves for the uniform distribution of the air on the various floors of the drying chamber 6. In this case , the air is first compressed in so-called nozzle boxes 7, of which it is blown vertically on the plates 8 through holes nozzles 36, arranged on the top or bottom side of the nozzle boxes, which, for reasons of visibility, are only represented in the upper drying plane of the drying chamber.
    [0023] To guarantee an even distribution of air over the width, the nozzle boxes are made ending conically. Above and below the plates 8, the air then flows to the suction chamber 9. A part of the air, which, in sum, corresponds substantially to the combustion gases, to fresh air, as to the water vapor generated by drying, escape through the exhaust air pipe 10. At burner 1 the circulating air circuit is closed. The region above the pressure chamber 5 and the suction chamber 9, as well as the drying chamber 6, is also designated as overhead 11. In normal drying chambers, contiguous drying chambers in the pressure and suction chamber, as well as in the overhead 11, are limited by closed boundary walls. In figure 1 it can be seen that the drying chamber 43 according to the invention is separated from the next chamber by means of one or more wall caps 34 in the suction chamber 9. Here, for example, five covers are shown. These wall covers 34 are associated, in each case, with a wall cover control 37, to selectively control the air supply to the next chamber or the next dryer region.
    [0024] As the circulation fan 4 forms an air current in each drying chamber, which extends substantially in a circular fashion, and a part of the air flow arrives through the wall caps 34 to the next drying chamber , which follows a specific drying chamber, an air stream is additionally formed in the longitudinal direction of the final drying region 21.
    [0025] Figure 2 shows, for example, an operation diagram of a conventional dryer according to the species.
    [0026] On the right side of figure 2 can be seen a feeding device 12, in which the drying material is supplied, which passes through the dryer, for example, a succession of plasterboard. The drying material then passes through a drying region 14, through a succession of drying chambers 43, to finally leave the dryer via a discharge device 16.
    [0027] Triangles characterize the heating devices 17 of the individual chambers. The exhaust air from individual chambers 43 is collected in a collection pipe 18. As the exhaust air is also drawn from the chamber, in which drying is done at very high temperatures, for example, 220 - 300 ° C, collected exhaust is still very hot, for example, 150 - 250 ° C.
    [0028] Even when, as shown, the exhaust air is used in a heat exchanger 19 for heating process air, then, in this case, the so-called perceptible heat is transmitted mainly. Thus, the evaporation heat hidden in the water vapor is practically not used or even used. Low energy consumption in the sense of the invention cannot be achieved.
    [0029] Figure 3 shows a working diagram of the dryer according to the invention. The feeding devices 12 and the discharge device 16 are not shown here for reasons of visibility. In the preliminary zone 13, the plates are preheated with the help of fresh air heated in the heat exchanger 19 by the fresh air piping 40. This reduces energy consumption.
    [0030] The plates subsequently pass through the main drying stage 20, with the circulating air having temperatures of 150 ° C - 350 ° C, before contact with the plates and 120 ° C - 300 ° C, after contact with the plates. The humidity of the circulating air in this stage makes, in each chamber, between 150g / kg to 850 g / kg. The final drying takes place in the final drying stage 21. The sealing region 15 advantageously reduces the undesired drying air outlet through the dryer outlet.
    [0031] With the arrows, which protrude into the individual chambers 43, the heating devices 17 of the individual drying chambers 43 are shown. It is visible that not all the chambers of the final drying stage 21 have a heating device 17. It is provided that in the operation according to the invention they are not even used or with minimum power for regulation. Pipes for mixed air 3 and combustion air 2 are also shown.
    [0032] According to the invention, the smallest possible amount of mixed air 3 should be used, in the ideal case, the mixed air covers 41 are closed.
    [0033] The direction of dividing the drying region into a main drying stage 20 and a final drying stage 21 the intention is to collect the exhaust air from the individual chambers 43 of the main drying stage 20 and introduce it into the drying stage final drying 21, in the place where the high temperature of the collected exhaust air, being expected from 150 ° C to 250 ° C, at a humidity of 200 - 800 g / kg, it is appropriate and permissible to use the hot air energy for an air conduction suitable for drying in the final drying stage 21 and, finally, remove the air at a markedly lower temperature, with 80 ° C - 130 ° C, at a humidity of 250 - 850 g / kg, in the place where such a low temperature is in any case necessary.
    [0034] Depending on the drying material, 10 to 30% of the drying capacity is produced in the final drying stage 21.
    [0035] Many drying materials, particularly plasterboard, need to be dried at low temperatures at the end of drying, to prevent excessive drying, which leads to damage to the drying material.
    [0036] Figure 3 shows how the exhaust air from the main drying stage 20 is collected in the collecting pipe 22, and then guided by a fan 23 to the distribution pipe 24 to the final drying stage 21. In this case, the cover bypass regulation 25 is closed, regulation cover A 26 is open. The air is guided through several supply pipes 27 to the final drying stage 21. In this case, the caps 38 of the pipes are regulated in such a way that most of the air is introduced into the first chambers of the final drying zone 21. For to that end, the supply caps 38, arranged on the left in the representation, are opened as widely as possible, the discharge regulating caps 39 straight, as strangely as possible. It is envisaged that one or more of the chambers in the anterior region of the final drying stage 21 are equipped with these supply pipes 27. The air can then be discharged through one or more exhaust air pipes 28 in the posterior region of the drying stage. end 21. The regulation cover 29, between the distribution pipe 24 and the collecting pipe 30 is closed or strangled in the operation according to the invention.
    [0037] In this case, the covers 39 of the exhaust air pipes 28 are adjusted in such a way that the largest proportion of the exhaust air is deflected in the last chambers 43 of the final drying stage 21. To that end, the air covers exhaust ports 39 arranged to the right in the representation are wide open, the inlet air covers 38 are strangled. It is planned that one or more of the chambers 43 of the final drying stage 21 are equipped with these discharge pipes 28. Through a collecting pipe 30, an exhaust air fan 31 transports the air through a heat exchanger 19 for preheating fresh air to the outdoors. Due to the low inlet temperature of the exhaust air in the exchanger, the energy for heating fresh air now largely comes from the condensation heat of the exhaust air.
    [0038] Bypass piping 32 is used when air needs to be bypassed directly in the exchanger. For this purpose, the bypass regulation cover 25 is opened, the regulation cover A 26 is closed and the regulation cover B 29 is opened. Fan 23 is switched off. This is the case, for example, in exceptional operating states (startup and exit of the unit, product changes). Thus, the dryer to be regulated more advantageously for these states.
    [0039] Figure 4 shows a principle outline for conducting air inside the dryer according to the invention.
    [0040] From the air supply pipe 27, the air reaches the suction chamber 9 and mixes there with the air that circulates there. The excess part of air, in the amount corresponding substantially to the sum of exhaust air fed and evaporated water, is sucked in by the suction chamber of the drying chamber 43, which is still located in the direction of transport. The side walls of the suction chamber, as well as the side walls of the overhead region 11, up to the circulating air fan 4, in each case, towards the adjoining drying chambers 43, are regulated through the wall covers 34, in order to allow the air to pass as efficiently as possible. The circulating air is guided through the circulating air blower 4 to the pressure chamber 5 and, from there, distributed to the individual nozzle boxes. The side walls of the pressure chamber 5 are closed.
    [0041] In the drying chamber 6 itself, the lateral limiting surfaces of the chambers are sealed in such a way that, substantially, only the plates can pass. According to the invention, the passages, which are not shown here for reasons of visibility, are made in an adjustable and / or adjustable manner, depending on the thickness of the passages of the drying material, plus tolerance. This is necessary to achieve uniform drying over the width of the plates. The air cooled by the drying process and the water vapor run along the plate back to the suction chamber 9. There, the circulating air circuit is closed. This process is repeated in the following drying chambers, with the difference that here the drying air of the preceding chamber is also mixed.
    [0042] The discharge pipe 28 works similarly. Here, air is drawn from the suction chamber 9, another part of the drying air is sucked into the subsequent chamber 43. In the last chamber 43 the drying air is discharged.
    [0043] Figure 5 shows, for example, an advantageous modification of the dryer according to the invention.
    [0044] Here, each chamber 43 has an exhaust air supply pipe 27 and a self discharge air discharge pipe 28. This arrangement is advantageous when the amount of exhaust air fed is so large that entering the chamber 43 of the final drying stage, as well as passing from chamber to chamber would result in too large pressure losses or when the temperature profile needs be moved for reasons of the drying process, such that in the first half of the chambers 43 the final drying stage 21 must be done with a lower temperature, but in the second half of the chambers, with temperatures a little higher than this is the case of figure 3. According to the invention, the dryer is adjusted in such a way that 60 to 100% are introduced in the first half of the final drying stage 21 and 60 - 100 are discharged in the second half of the final drying stage .
    [0045] This modification also includes a bypass pipe 32, with which the excess exhaust air can be diverted directly to the heat scraper 19. This is the case in exceptional operating states, see figure 3.
    [0046] Figure 6 shows, by way of example, another advantageous modification of the dryer according to the invention.
    [0047] In some drying materials, such as, for example, ceiling tiles are possible and suitable for drying at the end of drying at high temperatures, for example, 150 - 250 ° C. This is the case, for example, when the material is not damaged by high temperatures and when the material has a small heat conductance. The air can then be discharged in the posterior region, not at low temperatures either, so correspondingly, exhaust air cannot be used for final drying.
    [0048] As shown in the figure, by inverted reproduction of the layout of the final drying stage 21 and the main drying stage, it is possible to modify the dryer in such a way that the exhaust air from the main drying stage 20, now disposed to downstream, it can be used in the final drying stage 21, now arranged upstream, from the dryer, for heating the material and for preheating. Preliminary zone 13 no longer makes sense for further drying and is suppressed.
    [0049] The exhaust air passage from chamber 43 to chamber 43 in the suction chamber 9 occurs in the opposite direction of the transport direction.
    [0050] Figure 7 shows a detailed representation of the wall covers.
    [0051] In the description of figure 1 reference was made to the fact that the current ratios can be adjusted almost at will in the final drying stage 21 and adapted in real time to changing operating parameters. Another possibility of selectively influencing these current ratios is a special configuration of the wall caps 34. Thus, by modifying the profile or the cross-section in the manner of a wing profile supporting one or more of the wall covers 34, a direct influence on the flow speed of the passing air can be obtained. Aerodynamic correspondence is represented by the pressure ratios on the underside or the upper side of a supporting wing in aircraft construction. By means of corresponding current sensors 35, other control parameters, such as the speed of the running air, can therefore be immediately detected and fed into a control program.
    [0052] Complex control of movement cycles requires a special control program. LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS 1 burner 2 combustion air tubing 3 mixed air tubing 4 circulating air fan 5 pressure chamber 6 drying chamber 7 nozzle boxes 8 plates 9 suction chamber 10 exhaust air pipe 11 overhead 12 feeding device 13 preliminary zone region 14 drying region 15 sealing region 16 withdrawal device 17 heating devices 18 exhaust air collecting pipe 19 heat exchanger 20 main drying stage A 21 final drying stage B 22 collecting pipe A 23 fan 25 bypass regulation cover 26 regulation cover A 27 inlet air pipe 28 exhaust air pipe 29 regulation cover B 30 collection pipe B 31 exhaust air fan 32 bypass pipe 33 conveyor device 34 covers 35 current sensors 36 hole nozzles 37 wall cap control 38 inlet air regulation caps 39 exhaust air regulation caps 40 fresh air tubing 41 mixed air regulation caps 43 drying chamber
    权利要求:
    Claims (4)
    [0001]
    1. Process for drying plates that are guided in stages by a device divided into drying chambers, in which the plates are brought into contact with the drying air in the main drying stage (20) and in the final drying stage (21 ) by means of impact jet ventilation and the impact jet ventilation is guaranteed by means of transversely ventilated nozzle boxes, characterized by the fact that - the exhaust air from the main drying stage (20) is mixed in the pressure chamber (5) of one or more drying chambers (43), in the first half of that final drying stage (21) for heating the final drying stage (21) and - a part of the mixed air (3) obtained from the process is used in the operation of circulating air for drying in the drying chamber (43), and - another part of the mixing air (3) is introduced into the suction chamber (9) of the subsequent drying chamber, in each case and - the exhaust air passes through this way, completely the drying stage final (21), and - the exhaust air is discharged from one or more drying chambers (43) in the second half of this final drying stage (21), at a lower temperature level, whereas in the main drying stage (20) - the circulating air is heated to 150 to 350 ° C, - the circulating air cools after contact with the plates to 120 to 300 ° C, - the circulating air has a humidity of 150 g / kg to 850 g / kg, - a portion of the circulating air is removed from the chambers, collected and fed as exhaust air to the final drying stage (21) and to the final drying stage (21), - the exhaust air from the main drying stage (20) is fed with a temperature of 150 ° C to 250 ° C and a humidity of 200 to 800 g / kg, - the exhaust air is discharged from the final drying stage (21) with a temperature of 80 ° C at 130 ° C and a humidity of 250 to 850 g / kg. - the drying capacity of the final drying stage (21) makes up 10% to 30% of the drying capacity of the main drying stage (20).
    [0002]
    2. Process according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that - the exhaust air from the main drying stage (20) is mixed over the entire region of the final drying stage (21) in the drying chambers (43) , with 60 to 100% of the air being introduced in the first half of the stage and - the exhaust air from the final drying stage (21) is removed over the entire region of the final drying stage (21) of the drying chambers (43 ), with 60 - 100% of the exhaust air being removed from one or more drying chambers (43) in the second half of the final drying stage (21).
    [0003]
    3. Device for drying plates, with a feeding device for feeding plates arranged in stages by the device with a main drying stage (20) and final drying stage (21), - with, in each case, the at least two drying chambers (43), - each drying chamber having nozzle boxes, arranged in stages across the conveyor device, - with circulating air channels arranged in the chambers (43), with conveyor means and heating for circulating air, as well as means for supplying incoming air and means for exhaust exhaust air, characterized by the fact that - a supply device, having a supply means (23), is arranged between a collection pipe A (22) from the main drying stage (20) and distribution pipe (24) from the final drying stage (21) and exhaust air guide from the main drying stage (20) to the final drying stage (21 ), - one or more, but maximum, the first half of the drying chambers (43) of the final drying stage (21) are equipped with adjustable feeding devices, with which the exhaust air from the main drying stage (20) is distributed to them, - a or more, but at most, the second half of the drying chambers (43) of the final drying stage (21) are equipped with adjustable discharge devices, with which the exhaust air from the final drying stage (21) can be removed from it by a collecting pipe B (30), - in the final drying stage (21), on the suction side of the drying chamber (43), the limiting surfaces are open towards the adjacent drying chambers (43) - the collection pipe A (22) is connected to the distribution pipe (24) by a bypass pipe (32) and a regulation cap A (25), and the distribution pipe (24) and a collection pipe B ( 30) are interconnected by a regulation cover B (29).
    [0004]
    4. Device according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that - the distribution pipe (24) covers the entire final drying stage (21) and each chamber (43) has an adjustable connection, - the collecting tubing B (22) covers the entire final drying stage (21) and each chamber (43) has an adjustable connection.
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-10-08| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-06-09| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-11-03| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 15/12/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    2020-11-17| B16C| Correction of notification of the grant [chapter 16.3 patent gazette]|Free format text: REF. RPI 2600 DE 03/11/2020 QUANTO AO INVENTOR. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102009059822.7|2009-12-21|
    DE102009059822.7A|DE102009059822B4|2009-12-21|2009-12-21|Method and apparatus for drying plasterboard|
    PCT/DE2010/001477|WO2011076180A1|2009-12-21|2010-12-15|Method and device for drying sheets of drywall|
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